II. Grammar
II.1. Nouns

Fergiartic distinguishes three genders (masculine, feminine, neutral) and two numbers (singular, plural). The nouns of Fergiartic are organized into six declensions: four vocalic declensions, the consonantic and the so-called root-declension. Since three of the vocalic declensions have an -a in the nominative singular, they are normally distinguished by their genitive form and are numbered consecutively.

a) 1st vocalic declension

The first declension consists for the most part of feminine nouns; the few masculine exceptions like nouns with -kela ("inhabitant of, actor") decline like the feminine nouns.

Example: rota, rotay (the wheel)

 sg. nom.  rota pl. nom. rota
  gen. rotay   gen. rotun
dat. rota   dat. ratêbya
  acc. rotan   acc. rotan

 

b) 2nd vocalic declension

The second vocalic declension contains masculine and neutral nouns. Names of cities, islands and rivers, as well as the names of trees in this declension are feminine!
masculine: example: nera, nerasha (the man)

 sg. nom. nera pl. Nom. neru
  gen. nerasha   gen. nerun
dat. nero   dat. nero
  acc. neran acc. neran

neutral: example: yenashan, yenoshasha (the gender, the lineage)

 sg. nom. yenashan pl. nom. yenasha
  gen. yenoshasha   gen. yenashun
dat. yenasho   dat. yenasho
  acc. yenashan   acc, yenashan

c) 3rd vocalic declension

This declensions consists in the main part of masculine and neutral nouns; some few exceptions like mana (wrist) and vêya (beech) are feminine but decline like masculine nouns.

masculine: hauna, haune (the son)

 sg. nom. hauna pl. nom. haune
  gen. haune   gen. humbun
dat. humbe   dat. haunava
  acc. haunan   acc. haunan

Note: In the endings of the dat. sg. and gen.pl. the change of vowels in hauna stem from phonetic changes during the history of the Fergiartic language (diachronic change). The feminine mana for example has no such changes in these forms; dat. sg. mambe, gen. pl mambun. With vêya these forms are vêge, vêgun instead.

neutral: sarna, sarne (the horn, n.)

 sg. nom.  sarna pl. nom. sarnu
  gen. sarne   gen. sarmbun
dat. sarmbe   dat. sarnava
  acc. sarna   acc.. sarnu

d) 4th vocalic declension

The fourth, or i-declension (because of the -i in the nominative singular) consists mainly of feminine nouns with the exception of a few masculine and neutral nouns like gôsi (guest, m.). These masculine nouns decline like feminine nouns, since they often can function as those.

feminine: ogi, oigya (the sheep)

 sg. nom.  ogi pl. nom. oge
  gen. oigya   gen. oigyun
dat. oigye   dat. ogiva
  acc. ogin   acc. ogin

neutral: mare, mairya (the sea)

 sg. nom.  mare pl. nom. mairye
  gen. mairya   gen. mairyun
dat. mairye   dat. mariva
  acc. mare   acc. mairye

Note: Here also phonetic changes can take place;e.g. manti (thought, f.) in the gen. sg. mainza, in the dative mainze and in the gen.pl. mainzun. Similarly the masculine poti (master):gen. sg. poiza etc.


e) consonantic declension

The paradigms of declension are more complex with the nouns of this declension. All three genders are possible, often with different kinds of declension.
The simplest type are root subtantives like the masculine dos (leader):


 sg. nom.  dos pl. nom. dose
  gen. dosa   gen. dosun
dat. dose   dat. dobba
  acc. dosan   acc. dosan

Nouns ending on -s resp. -y follow this pattern: gûs (voice, f.), rîy (judge, m.) and nouns on plosives like e.g. ped (foot, m.), dant (tooth, m.). In these examples the dat. pl. is gobba (to the voices), rebba (to the judges), pebba (to the feet) and damba (to the teeth).
Neutral nouns like âs, âse (bone) decline as regularly:

 sg. nom.  âs pl. nom. âsa
  gen. âse gen. âsun
dat. âsan   dat. âsa
  acc. âs   acc. âsa

More difficult are the paradigmas of nasal nouns and neutra on -ar.

nasal nouns: prese (request, f.):

 sg. nom.  prese pl. nom. presene
  gen. presena gen. presenun
dat. presene   dat. presêma
  acc. presenin   acc. presenan

Masculine decline like feminine nouns: e.g. pose, posena (the tail).


neutral: nûman (name):

 sg. nom.  nûman pl. nom. nonna
  gen. nonna gen. nonnun
dat. nonne   dat. nomâma
  acc. nûman   acc. nonna

Another group has -ar in the nominative: e.g. godar (water):

 sg. nom.  godar pl. nom. gonne
  gen. gonna gen. gonnun
dat. gonne   dat. gadâma
  acc. gonnan   acc. gonnan

Also to this class belong yekar, yenna (liver), geyar, gêna (spring), goyar, gôna (hand) and sorpa, sornna (body).

Terms of kinship on -er lose the vowel in the other cases: e.g. mêter (mother, f.):

 sg. nom.  mêter pl. nom. matre
  gen. matra gen. matrun
dat. matre   dat. mêtarba
  acc. matran   acc. matran


f) Root declension:

Another small, autonomous group of nouns has stem vowel + consonat in the nominative and accusative singular, but v/y in the other cases. These nouns are masculine and feminine.

1st type: nouns on -v; e.g. gôs
(cow, f.)

 sg. nom.  gôs pl. nom. gove
  gen. gove gen. govun
dat. gove   dat. gova
  acc. gûn   acc. govan

Like gôs decline also yês, yeve (god, goddess), yôs, yove (belly, m.) and nâs, nave (ship, f.).


2nd type: nouns on -y; e.g. rês (treasure, possession, f.):

 sg. nom.  rês pl. nom. reye
  gen. reye gen. reyun
Dat. reye   dat. reya
  acc. rîn   acc. reyan

Like rês decline only lês, leye (skin, f.) and mês, meye (meekness, f.)