II.4.
Pronouns
II.4.1. Personal pronouns
1. pers. | nom. | eyu | 2. pers. | nom. | tau |
gen. | mi | gen. | ti | ||
dat. | mege | dat. | teve | ||
acc. | mî | acc.. | tî |
4. pers. | nom. | nû | 5. pers. | nom. | gû |
gen. | ni | gen. | gi | ||
dat. | nûve | dat. | gûve | ||
acc. | nû | acc. | gû |
The pronouns of the third and sixth person are derived from a demonstrative stem and therefore distinguish the three genders.
3. pers. |
m. |
f. |
n. |
|
nom |
i |
eya |
eyan |
|
gen |
eshe |
eshe |
eshe |
|
dat. |
eye |
eye |
eye |
|
acc. |
eyan |
eyan |
eyan |
6. pers. |
m. |
f. |
n. |
|
nom |
eyu |
eya |
eye |
|
gen |
yoyun |
yêyun |
yoyun |
|
dat. |
yova |
yêva |
yova |
|
acc. |
eyan |
eyan |
eye |
The relative pronoun hvî refers
also to the third and sixth person; the other persons use the
respective cases of the personal pronouns. Because of semantic
reasons the reflexive pronoun has no nominative form. The forms
are:
gen. hvi, dat. heve, acc. hvî.
II.4.2. Possessive Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns decline like adjectives
of the first declension.
1. pers. | meya,-a,-an | 2. pers. | teva, -a, -an | 3. pers. | heva, -a, -an |
4. pers. | nôstra, -a, -an | 5. pers. | gôstra, -a, -an | 6. pers. | holtra, -a, -an |
If the possessive pronoun of the third or sixth person denotes the same person as the subject of the sentence, the possessive pronouns heva/hoitra, else the genitives of the possessive pronoun i/eyu are used.
The demonstratives of the Fergiartic are:
gese, gêse, gose: this (over here)
hoi, hâ, tod: this (over there)
noye, nêye, noyed: that
ihve, yahve, ihve: self, the same
m. |
f. |
n. |
m. |
f. |
n. |
||||
sg. | nom. | gese | gêse | gose | pl. | nom. | gi | ga | gise |
gen. | goisha | gêsha | goisha | gen. | goyun | gêyun | goyun | ||
dat. | gôse | gâse | gôse | dat. | gova | gêva | gova | ||
acc. | gons | gans | gok | acc. | gon | gan | gise |
Except for the nom. and acc. sg. (hoi, hâ, tod resp. hons, hans, tok) and the nom. and acc. pl. of the neutral gender (tase) "this over here" declines like "this over there". The same is true of noye, nêye, noyed (acc. sg. nome, name, nomed; nom. pl. nu, na, nase; acc. pl. non, nan, nase). ihve, yahve, ihve on the other hand has its own forms:
m. |
f. |
n. |
m. |
f. |
n. |
||||
sg. | nom. | ihve | yahve | ihve | pl. | nom. | yuhve | yêhve | yahve |
gen. | ihve | yahve | ihve | gen. | yuhve | yêhve | yuhve | ||
dat. | ispe | yaspe | ispe | dat. | yuspe | yêspe | yuspe | ||
acc. | ihve | yahve | ihve | acc. | yuhve | yêhve | yuhve |
II.4.4. Interrogative Pronoun
1.) nominative: ki? (who?, what?), kosha? (whose?),
kô? (to whom?), kin? (who?)
2.) adjectival: koi, kai, kod? (who, which?) is identical
to the relative pronoun.
II.4.5. Relative Pronoun
m. |
f. |
n. |
m. |
f. |
n. |
||||
sg. | nom. | koi | kai | kod | pl. | nom. | ku | ka | ka |
gen. | kosha | kêsha | kosha | gen. | kuyun | kayun | kuyun | ||
dat. | kô | kâ | kô | dat. | kuve | kave | kuve | ||
acc. | kon | kên | kod | acc. | kô | kâ | ka |
II.4.6. Indefinite Pronoun
The relative pronoun koi, kai, kod
is enclitically attached to other stems and used as an indefinite
pronoun. The same is true for the nominal forms of the interrogative.
aliki (nom.), alikoi, -kai, -kòd (adject.):
somebody, something
kîdan (nom.), koi-, kai-, koddan (adject.):
a certain
kîske (nom.), koi-, kai-, kokke (adject.):
every single one
kîhvis (nom.), koi-, kai-, kogis (adject.):
anyone at all
II.4.7. Pronominal Adjectives
These adjectives are semantically very close
to the pronoun. In part they even have pronominal endings. As
an example the paradigm of tuta, -a, -an (everything, all)
is used.
m. |
f. |
n. |
m. |
f. |
n. |
||||
sg. | nom. | tuta | tuta | tutan | pl. | nom. | tutu | tuta | tuta |
gen. | tutasha | totêsha | tutasha | gen. | tutun | tutun | tutun | ||
dat. | tuto | tuta | tuto | dat. | tutava | totêva | tutava | ||
acc. | tutan | tutan | tutan | Acc. | tutan | tutan | tuta |
Other pronominal adjectives are:
una, -a, -an
(only, alone); note: as a numeral una declines completely
like an adjective!!
anundla, -a, -an (no one); the nominally used form is angòme,
angònna (nobody).
ailya, -a, -an (another)
kotra, -a, -an (both)
kotrak, kotrak, kotranke (who of the two); declines like
kotra, ankotrak, etc. (none of the two).
II.4.8. Correlative Pronouns
These pronouns denote interrelations and
are used together:
toiza, -a, -an - koiza, -a, -an (as great - as)
tôva, -a, -an - kôva, -a, -an (the same
as)
toizan - koizan (as much - as)
toizu - koizu (as many - as)
toizud - koizud (as often - as)